Since the discovery in the 1880s that the low incidence of cardiovascular disease among Eskimos was related to their consumption of fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids[1], people have been exploring the cardiovascular benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids for as long as five decades.
《The 2025 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia Update》[2] clearly states that pure EPA preparations are significantly superior to mixed fish oil containing DHA in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. High concentration EPA preparations can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by 25%, while mixed fish oil containing DHA has not achieved a similar effect, due to the mechanisms of action of EPA and DHA in the human body.
Conversely, although DHA has its own health benefits, it may increase the level of LDL cholesterol (commonly known as “bad cholesterol”) in some people, thus partially offsetting the cardiovascular protective effect of EPA.
Based on current scientific research, some experts tend to believe that high concentration EPA or pure EPA formulas with minimal DHA are more desirable options. Consumers are advised to carefully review the ingredient list on the product label when purchasing.
To protect your cardiovascular system and prevent high cholesterol, the most important thing is to adjust your diet and lifestyle. Eat less oil and salt, and eat more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, such as oats, brown rice, apples, and carrots, which can help lower cholesterol.
Exercise is also a powerful tool for health, Engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise daily, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, can greatly improve your health*.
[1]Bang HO,Dyerberg J,Nielsen AB.Plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern in Greenlandic West-coast Eskimos[J].Lancet.1971 Jun 5;1（7710）:1143-5.
[2]European Heart Journal, 2025;ehaf190, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf190
